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Communities and Web 2.0

Broadcast Millennials: Enthusiast tech communities of YouTube

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the impact of the YouTube platform and how its social aspects have assisted in the forming of flourishing communities of collective interests. This facet and the social networking qualities of the platform have attributed to the expansion of many channels, including journalists and enthusiasts of new technologies, whilst expanding the ability them to reach an audience in a creative, timely and interactive manner.

Keywords: YouTube, communities, influencers, tech community, video sharing, social, web 2.0

INTRODUCTION

The Google owned YouTube is the second most visited website globally, after Google’s search page itself. “Founded by former PayPal employees Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, YouTube’s website was officially launched with little public fanfare in June 2005” (Burgess and Green, 2018, p. 14). “Social networking sites [are] web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile [and] articulate and interact with a list of other users with whom they share a connection” (boyd, 2007, p. 210). YouTube certainly does not fit perfectly into the standard picture of a social networking site in which a user utilises the platform’s features to connect with existing friends, through maintaining a friend list and posting updates and images on a regular basis. Yet many of its features have social aspects at their core, although a vast number of users would be deemed more a lurker, or in this case a consumer, as they might not contribute to the video content, more likely just comments on those videos viewed. More of a community base than a network, YouTube has a strong social impact on the way users create, consume and share media with the public. Being the largest worldwide video hosting website, collaborative innovation over geographically distant individuals has been possible, as well as some videos increasing awareness of social issues and overcome stereotyping of minorities. YouTube stands out compared to other video sharing platforms as it has become an important visual journalism platform and since copyrighted materials cannot be uploaded, you can be quite sure that the content you watch is unique. The community and audience are far larger than any competing video sharing platform, such as Vimeo and Metacafe and the content is broader than the likes of Twitch, a video streaming service. YouTube is also treated as a search engine, as with its huge catalogue of content, there is almost guaranteed to find an answer in one form or another. These factors assist in differentiating YouTube from its competition. The communities formed through YouTube are a big factor in how it has become and remained so relevant as a video sharing platform. The aspect of the community base is that of many shared identities around topics that represent a collective intention or interest. This is different to a network which refers to the relationships between participants, with personal interactions and linkages of user nodes.

YouTube has become a great platform for video blogging and has been an easily accessible evolution for many bloggers and reviewers. In these ways, YouTube has expanded the ability for tech enthusiasts and journalists, to reach an audience in a creative and interactive manner.

SOCIAL ASPECTS AND THE YOUTUBE COMMUNITY

The social aspects of YouTube at first glance aren’t as in depth as other social networking services (SNS). Burgess and Green (2018) reflect that YouTube’s “original purpose was, on the surface, a technological rather than a cultural one” (p. 14). YouTube has evolved over its many years to accommodate a wide community base spanning every topic and genre you could imagine. At its core, YouTube was designed to enable “people to upload, publish, and view streaming videos without much technical knowledge, using standard web browsers and modest Internet speeds” (Burgess and Green, 2018, p. 14). This ability quickly enticed users to create and upload video to share to the world or directly to others. YouTube membership is optional but with it users have the ability to subscribe to Channels, post comments on videos, join channel memberships for extra perks and have a curated list of content delivered to the user based on activity and subscriptions. YouTubers, the content creators enlisted in the Partner Program, can and often do interact with users in the comments section, particularly during live broadcasts in which the chat is also live. The channel memberships can award those paying users with live chat badges and emoji to stand out during the live broadcasts when commenting. Other perks include merchandise discounts, in depth insider knowledge on the channel, exclusive content, and a greater influence on future projects through suggestions or polls. boyd (2007) states that “most SNSs require bi-directional confirmation for Friendship, but some do not. These one-directional ties are sometimes labeled as ‘‘Fans’’ or ‘‘Followers’’” (p. 213). YouTube fits into this category, in the sense that the subscribers of a YouTube channel can be thought of as followers. “Some YouTube content creators understand and discursively represent themselves as ‘YouTubers’, and as part of a YouTube community. For these users, YouTube works not only as a content delivery platform, but also as a social media platform” (Burgess and Green, 2018, p. 77). A Trending section on the YouTube main page allows the user to view what videos are trending globally based on current views around the world, with more specific filters for music, gaming, news, films and fashion and beauty. These specific filters are the more common, popular community bases for YouTube, yet there are many more including the tech enthusiast community.

“For members of a YouTube (www.youtube.com) community, ‘publicly private’ (private behaviors, exhibited with the member’s true identity) and ‘privately public’ (sharing publicly accessible video without disclosing member’s true identity) behaviors were employed to signal different depths of relationships and communicate empathy, respect or inclusion among members of the network. (Lange (2007), as cited in Papacharissi, 2009, p. 202)

Channels based solely on items of technology can focus their efforts on reviews of products and first impressions, unboxings, demonstrations and entertainment using new and existing products or concepts. Burgess and Green (2018) state that “over the past decade, lucrative but precarious careers have been built on just these kinds of carefully produced and platform-specific cultural forms and practices” (p. 35). Channels such as LinusTechTips, Marques Brownlee and Unbox Therapy have amassed huge followings by doing these such things. YouTubers have become an important source of information and entertainment for the millennial generation for news, education and entertainment. These tech YouTubers are a small portion of the YouTube traffic, yet significant to the point of appearing on the trending lists from time to time. As such, they tend to be a tight knit community, often referencing other tech presenters in their videos. Furthering this, collaborations are commonplace, with the intention of introducing viewers and in turn subscribers to each other’s channels. It can be difficult for creators to get a foot hold on YouTube, with its 500+ hours of content being uploaded every minute, so the tech community tends to work together in this sharing and collaboration, as well as encouraging the viewers to subscribe and turn on notifications so videos uploaded won’t be missed by subscribers. The uploads and channels of these tech YouTubers are also linked with their other social networking services and vice versa to ensure a viewer may invest and follow updates from each platform provided.

[YouTube] connects with surrounding social and cultural networks, and users embedded within these networks move their content and their identities back and forth between multiple platforms. YouTube has never functioned as a closed system, from the beginning providing tools to embed content on other websites like blogs. By 2017, professional social media influencers or entertainers were operating in a dynamic, real-time, and cross-platform environment. (Burgess and Green, 2018, p. 81)

The social aspect of YouTube is vast, yet many common social network features are not present when compared to those such as Facebook and Twitter. To keep themselves relevant between uploads, or to avoid being missed through the torrents of content being uploaded and the YouTube algorithm, these tech-based YouTubers often complement their channels with links to their other social media networks such as Twitter, Instagram and forums or chat platforms such as Discord. LinusTechTips have all the above, including their own in-house forum which is hosted on their own server.

These social media services provide alternative means of receiving updates and communication for the supporters and community as a whole. Where YouTube fills the desire for video from amateur to professional content and everything in between, it is limited in its social functions and creators are forced to look to other platforms as mentioned above to keep the fanbase interactive and their content relevant and accessible to the viewers. “The YouTubers’ community-building activities take place within an architecture that, while it embedded social networking features, was not primarily designed for collaborative or collective production” (Burgess and Green, 2018, p. 80).

STRENGTHS AND SHORTCOMINGS

Where YouTube really does shine in the social aspect, particularly for these tech content providers, is in producing reviews for recent products, first impressions videos and unboxings. The video medium is perfect for these as the viewer isn’t just limited to a quick write up and some photos, but instead they can see the small intricacies and from multiple aspects, particularly as anyone has the ability to upload their own relevant experiences. Another incredibly ideal genre for video is that of a user guide. Step by step instructions for things such as building a desktop PC, troubleshooting, or following along with screen recordings. Less of an issue with YouTube is that of privacy concerns. Considering that many users will be registered for YouTube with their Google account, it could be of comfort or concern. Users might find comfort that Google is one of the largest, broadest and most competent technology companies in the world, hence would be unlikely of a leak or hack. That being said, a lot of data is being fed through their systems and users may be concerned with the level of information Google would have on each user, particularly if an attack or leak were to take place. Due to the fact that the majority of users do not upload a single video, then there may not be anything to be concerned about besides content consumption preferences. Compared to Facebook, with a history of privacy issues and the quizzically large amount of data they hold on each user, YouTube is certainly less of a concern. A bigger issue that privacy for YouTube are those of censorship and filtering, and copyright and licensing. There is a set of guidelines that YouTube implements, designed to reduce people abusing the sites features of uploading and consuming video. Content that would be deemed prohibited include sexually explicit content, shock videos, animal abuse, hate speech and predatory behaviour among others. Algorithms are designed to recognize and flag this material for internal review. Users also have the ability to manually report videos if they deem the content to break any of the set guidelines. Users can also report copyright infringements if they haven’t been picked up by the ever-improving algorithms set in place to avoid copyrighted material from being redistributed without the owner’s consent.

SPONSORSHIPS AND REVENUE

The vast majority of content on YouTube is free to watch and ad supported. The primary source of revenue for the service is that of advertisements, amassing USD$15.1 billion in 2019. YouTube launched its Partner Program in April of 2007 “which allows creators to share in advertising revenue generated by views on their videos” (Burgess and Green, 2018, p. 52). YouTubers are eligible to join this partner program by having more than 1000 subscribers and more than 4000 valid public watch hours in the last 12 months, among other requirements. In this case, typically 55 percent of the ad revenue of a particular video will go to the uploader. Many a tech YouTuber, or in some cases, companies, earn their revenue through making content for the site. Most of these creators couldn’t survive entirely off this ad revenue and so offer merchandise for sale, the choice to join their channel membership as mentioned earlier, joining external Patreon pages, and the most common, through sponsorships. Tech YouTubers will generally have sponsors related to the product they are demonstrating, or a more general sponsor related to their field of interest. These sponsorship spots are mentioned during the video and YouTube policy is to ensure that sponsors are made very clear so as dissuade biased reviews. The products and concepts utilised within these tech videos often inspire or passively encourage viewers to consider or follow through with a purchase themselves. This is particularly true of reviews, in which a channel known for unbiased honesty belays a level of trust and appreciation of the content creator. It creates a go-to mindset in which users continue to consume regularly of these channels, with the level of confidence that these tech YouTubers are producing content to assist and entertain them. A regularity of uploads, particularly from a few times a week to once a day assists in creating a habit of the viewer. That the viewer may anticipate viewing the next chapter of a vlog or next product reveal. In 2017, the average viewer watches more than an hour each day on mobile.

CONCLUSION

Many users of YouTube will not actively take part in the two-way communication that is available in each video’s comments. Even less so will they create their own personal content to share to the world. As Burgess and Green (2018) states, “participation in YouTube takes many different forms, from casual viewing, to binge-watching, to fandom, through to highly invested and intensive participation as a content creator” (p. 77). These watchers come to visit YouTube in what might be considered a selfish manner. Yet through the simple act of subscribing to their channels of interest and regularly checking in with their favourite YouTubers on a semi-regular basis, they are inherently taking part in a larger community, guided by their interests. “As the social media and user-generated content phenomena grew, websites focused on media sharing began implementing SNS features and becoming SNSs themselves” (boyd, 2007, p. 216). YouTube has evolved into an ideal medium in which the tech community can learn, share and entertain. Particularly for the millennial generation, for both creation and consumption of media.

REFERENCES

boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x

Burgess, J., & Green, J. (2018). YouTube: Online video and participatory culture. Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405700903502312

Papacharissi, Z. (2009). The virtual geographies of social networks: A comparative analysis of Facebook, LinkedIn and ASmallWorld. New Media & Society, 11(1–2), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444808099577

Xu, J., ; Ellis, Katie,; Kent, M. (Ed.). (2018). Chinese social media: Social, cultural, and political implications  Routledge. https://doi-org.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/10.4324/9781315160214

18 replies on “Broadcast Millennials: Enthusiast tech communities of YouTube”

Hello Michael!
YouTube is always such a fascinating subject. I’ve been watching a lot of this “Internet historian” lately called Casey Aonso, who talks about a lot of the online happenings that go undocumented by traditional media, so I was looking forward to reading your paper! YouTube has so many different communities on it with their own unusual content, so yours is really relevant to today.
It was good that you touched on the aspect of the invisible audience / lurker. I feel a lot more people view the content rather than interact with the comment section. I also liked that you mentioned the “search” aspect of it, as it really is the video “Google”. I have also been a consumer of the “closer look” videos as well. With my wedding dress, I opted for a cheap Asian vendor, but only after watching several videos of reviews. They definitely gave peace of mind! I didn’t realise I was part of a statistic hahaha
It would have been interesting if you could have touched more on the invisible audience and maybe third party sharing of the content on YouTube (eg video screenshots on Reddit).
A really good read overall!

Hi AnneMarie,

I have browsed through the subject matter that Casey Aonso covers and it certainly seems beyond interesting. It appears she touches on some pretty sensitive topics as well which is always a compelling watch! I find it interesting that on one hand, some channels produce timeless content and others very specific to what is going on in the world at a particular time, almost rendering older videos moot.
For the most part I am certainly one of that invisible audience. I have experimented with uploading a few videos, but more for my own curiousity, and I likely never partake in the comments. Yet I do find myself glossing over them, particulaly on a controversial video.
There is only so much a written review, or photos can do for a product. A video, often moreso of amateur nature, can show you the intricacies and I guess answer those finer questions you may have far better than other sorts of media. YouTube is my go to for reviews, particularly from those creators I trust and feel I have a longstanding, one sided relationship with.
I certainly agree with you in that I should have fleshed out more on the invisible audience, especially since the majority of users fit into that category. Also in how ingrained in our culture and other media as you have said with third party sharing. I often find myself smiling when I see YouTube, or a generic rendition as an overlay, making an appearance in television series, movies and news.
I appreciate you taking the time to read and giving me some thoughtful feedback!

Hey again Michael!
I would slightly disagree with your point about “some channels produce timeless content and others very specific to what is going on in the world at a particular time, almost rendering older videos moot”. I think it’s really important to keep these older videos as they’re a good depiction/history of how people were reacting to things in an earlier time, compared to now when we can see everything that they’ve done. An example of this would be Caroline Calloway, more of an Instagram example, she wrote wonderful stories about her time at Cambridge. Many years later, she revealed that they were all written while she was addicted to Adderall. Even though the stories she wrote leave out a key aspect of her identity at that time, it’s still interesting to go back and read them, knowing what we know now (and reading the comment section)! The older videos are definitely not up to date, but they can be useful. Does this make sense?
Yes I agree so much with the not interacting on YouTube part! I read comment sections (usually only a few top comments) but I barely ever comment. I would say I have commented on maybe five YouTube videos in my entire lifespan of watching YouTube content? How many videos would you say you have commented on?
I am so interested in your words of a “long lasting, one sided relationship”. I love how you put it! It’s a great point about how we watch these people and idealise aspects of their lives yet they know next to nothing about us. Have you ever thought about how strange this notion is, in a way?
You’re very welcome! I enjoyed your paper, it was one of the first I read.
Anne-Marie

Hi Mike, or should I say labas! Your surname is Lithuanian isn’t it? (so am I)

I enjoyed reading your paper on YouTube. I agree YouTube is quite a different type of social platform to Facebook, definitely more of a community tool and very much like a search engine as well! The other day as a joke, I said that I’d rather watch paint drying in slow motion and I thought I’d search YouTube to see if there was such a thing – guess what…

You’ve mentioned about the types of careers that have taken off on YouTube, it’s amazing what can become popular and how someone can end up making a career from something so simple. I used to enjoy playing claw machines when I was growing up and so I thought I’d search YouTube for videos of people playing on them to watch them win. I stumbled upon a channel called Plush Time Wins.

https://www.youtube.com/user/PlushTimeWins

They are a married couple in the United States who started out on YouTube only 6 years ago. I think they’ve stopped working because now that they have 1.8 million followers they no longer need to work, they make enough money purely from YouTube and all they do is go to arcades! At the end of the year they show one of the rooms in their house is knee deep in all the stuffed toys they’ve won which they give to charity.

YouTube really is an inspirational tool, and not just for millennials, I’m Gen X and I keep wondering whether I should start a channel. My old friend from school started a cooking channel this year. My father loves to build his own computers and he is in his 70s and he’ll turn to YouTube for quick tips/steps if he’s stuck with something!

Labas Indre! Great pick up, it certainly is Lithuanian.

It’s always a pleasure when someone recognises Tamasauskas as Lithuanian, let alone meeting another in person or online! The amount of times I have been asked face to face if my last name is Greek when I couldn’t look further from it ha!
The aspect of Google certainly lends itself the search nature, especially now that suggested Google search results often contain links to relevant YouTube videos. It still amazes me the with quanity of content on there. If you can think of it, there most likely is a video of it!
I am very much a DIYer, particulay when it comes to technology and car work, and I find myself constantly ‘researching’ how to approach or achieve something specific.
Absolutely, it is always interesting watching content creators grow in popularity and in turn in production value. The larger of them actually having several employees and a successful company out of it, such as one of my favourites; Linus Sebastian. He has several channels under the company name of Linus Media Group with over 20 listed employees! I can’t imagine the stress and uncertainty of getting to that point.
YouTube is excellent in that you can find and apppeal content to any age and interest, such though that there is a subset called YouTube kids which contains only content friendly for children.
Thank you for taking the time to read through my paper and providing valuable insight and feedback.

Oooh yes our surname gets mistaken for Greek all the time too, so I understand!!

YouTube is not only great for children but for pets too – did you know? They have videos on there that people have filmed specially at the right colours for dogs to see and music that is pleasing to them. I’ve played some for my dog and she loves it! They have people taking their dogs for walks on the beach and it’s shown at ‘dog eye level’. Some clever stuff out there!

Hi Michael,

I’m always interested in reading about YouTube! I appreciate that you wrote about the YouTube Partner Program as I’d always wondered how much YouTubers make from advertising. I imagine it to be quite a stressful job coming up with new content, and I guess that’s where the community interaction happens as so often you watch a video with the host mentioning that their followers had asked for this and that.

500+ hours of content uploaded every minute is staggering to me, and it’s interesting to hear how this community work together and support each other’s channels to keep content from being missed. Do you think YouTube will make changes to include network features like Facebook and Twitter have, to accommodate for more content uploaded to the site? Did anything come up in your research?

Well done again!
Charlotte

Hi Charlotte,
The YouTube Partner Program has been of interest to me, particularly over the years in which the algorithms for suggested content to users have affected the content creators. Hence the push for these YouTubers to push viewers to not only subscribe but also to click on the bell icon to be notified of new videos. This is a result of not only the exponential growth of creators and content being uploaded, but also due to these algorithm changes. The planning and creativity required to maintain the income would be stressful to say the least.
Judging Googles past attempts at social networking such as Google+ and it’s at the time fairly strong integration with YouTube, it wouldn’t surprise me to see feature additions. I do believe any changes would be very gradual as to maintain the familiarity of the site as this could disrupt its user base, particularly if they introduce privacy concerns.
Thanks for reading Charlotte!

Thanks Michael,
I’ve become more of a user of YouTube in the last year and the platform still has a lot of unknowns for me so thank you! I’m yet to subscribe to a channel or interact with a YouTuber (I’m one of the invisible/selfish!). Community members posting comments about a particular review would also reinforce trust in a YouTuber I’d imagine – noting though that you’ve said many users don’t take part in two way communication.
Thanks again,
Charlotte

Hi Michael,

You have done a good job exploring the YouTube platform and I reckon you have covered it well.

You mentioned that YouTube does not fit the traditional sense of a social network because, for instance, users cannot share with friends or their contacts. Would you think therefore that it would be a good idea for YouTube to introduce a “Friends” feature that would facilitate consumers sharing video content with their contacts? Or even suggest potential “friends”?

In your research, did you find that consumers had trust issues with influencer marketers because they earned a living through sponsorship by advertisers on their channels?

Bayayi

Hi Bayayi,
I think a ‘Friends’ feature could be the next logical step for YouTube to take in expanding the networking features. I do see this expanding interest and potentially a feature such as Spotify’s ability to see what your friends are listening to. Of course, this would have to be optional, particularly as a lot of users may wish to keep their viewing habits private. A friend feature may prove useful if just to share content more easily with that person.
There has been issue with sponsored content, particularly when influencers failed to state as much. This was a big issue for YouTube and they have since tightened rules on the issue such as is stated by Googles Support page. https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/154235?hl=en.
Essentially these rules are to ensure it is clear who is sponsoring the video and any product placement. It is interesting to see these rules created and amended as issues have arisen.
Thanks for taking the time to read and provide this feedback!
Mike

Hi Michael,

As someone that has begun turning to YouTube as a search engine just as much as I would Google, your paper really interested me.
You mentioned with sponsored videos that the paid aspect is often made clear. As someone who watches a range of videos I am often struggling to decipher whether some YouTubers are being paid to endorse thus are offering a biased opinion (e.g. someone on an all-expenses paid holiday is not going to be as upset if something is not up to standard than if they had paid full price). I don’t watch many tech-related videos, but do they tend to be more forward about brand/partnerships? I have noticed a lot of YouTubers starting to being more honest and open about these deals, but more in a way to build trust with their audience.
As mentioned, I also am an avid YouTube as search engine user. What does worry me though is the ability for anyone to upload a ‘tutorial’ without any expert knowledge which could lead to serious implications. Do you think YouTube will ever follow suit of Facebook and Instagram regarding their “false news” alerts on content that is not true?

Hi Lachlan,
From the content I watch, it seems the tech community are more transparent with sponsorships and in video ads. I have witnesses a few channels in particular even putting a subtle progress bar at the bottom of the video to visually show the ad spot and from my perspective, make it easier to skip ahead to miss said advertisement. Linus Tech Tips in particular seem to be very honest in their opinions and ensure they are playing by the rules, while remaining politically correct. I have seen videos of makeup reviews and tutorials in the past whilst my partner has watched them and I agree that even now they are much less obvious about sponsorships. Issues can arise due to the video or product not being sponsored at that time, yet those influencers have in the past or future collaborated on products with the relevant company and in turn leads to bias. Influencers may have more at stake than shown in their content which is not always obvious I agree. I think the more YouTube adjusts the rules to accommodate promotional issues, and follow through with consequences if not abided to, then influencers will have to play ball to avoid a public scandal or shaming.
I am also guilty of using YouTube as a search engine for most every aspect in my life. There will always be foolish people in this world who either upload intentionally incorrect information to troll or simply because they may not be an expert. I feel that only ‘news’ channels could possibly be flagged as ‘false news’, other content such as tutorial style videos could of course be reported for one reason or another. The uploaded of the content can be seen would have to correct any wrong or misleading information to maintain credibility if they were a larger channel. Smaller channels would not usually get the view counts, or because of the transparency of uploader, viewers would more reasonably check credible sources versus the same situation with a post on Facebook, begging to be one-click shared.
Thanks for reading my paper and for this discussion Lachlan!

Hi, Michael. I certainly agree with you that YouTube is a social networking site, it fits all the requirements. The only part of it I would have questioned is that it is not bi-directional, but other major sites such as Twitter, which is undoubtably an example of a social network, can facilitate both bi-directional and uni-directional relationships. Both can also be used for non-participatory relationships, or lurking; for a great paper devoted to learning check out:
https://networkconference.netstudies.org/2020OUA/2020/04/26/lurkers-are-us-when-nothing-signifies-something/
I also find it interesting how YouTube not only links to other social networks, per your example when YouTubers also have a Facebook and Twitter to extend their communities, but how the inverse is also true. Companies have their own Social Media accounts, usually at the bottom of their website you can see links to their Facebook and twitter, but also to their YouTube page where they upload videos relating to their brand, but which also link back so someone who stumbled onto to YouTube page first can find their way back to the company’s central social networking node.

Hi James, firstly I want to thank you for taking the time to read my paper.
I certainly agree with you that YouTube is not bidirectional. There was a fair time until 2013 when a video response feature was available and utilised. This became awfully messy as many responses could stem from one video: https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2013/08/so-long-video-responsesnext-up-better.html. A low click-through rate led to its removal and the focus on utilising tags and helpful descriptions, as well as sharing video links within comments became the norm. In this sense YouTube proves to be a community over a network. I find the concept of lurking fascinating, the name implies an almost malicious nature, yet most of us do it at one point or another. I find it an excellent tool for businesses, both large and small, to add another level to advertising or in the case of some products, a build guide for example.
Thanks for the feedback James!

Hi Michael,

I like reading your very interesting topic about YouTube.

You have presented well in your paper why YouTube is a great platform, its social aspects, strengths and shortcomings and how bloggers, video uploaders or companies earn their revenue in YouTube.

I agree that YouTube is a great social media platform for video blogging, tech enthusiasts, journalists, subscribers and fans/viewers and a “source of information and entertainment for the millennial generation for news, education and entertainment” as you pointed out. Although I am a Gen Z, YouTube is also my source of information and entertainment with other social media platforms. It is amazing with about 1.9 billion users (Statista, 2019) that anyone can google on almost anything from news, product reviews, blogs, TV shows, films, music, documentaries, company videos to “how to do” things.

Also, it is good to learn from your paper how YouTube provides YouTubers certain income from the ad revenue or sponsorship of their video uploads and from sales of their merchandise. I was curious to know how much a top YouTuber earns. I was surprised to read from a Forbes article that the highest-paid YouTuber in 2019 is Ryan Kaji, an 8-year-old boy who started when he was 3 years old by “unboxing toys on camera” (Berg, 2019).

Thank you.

Hi Kathryn,
YouTube has become such a strong part in our day to day culture. I am guilty of spending a significant time each day watching videos to entertain and educate. Often these two are the same. I do not watch television, instead choosing to watch what I want, when I want. I think this is also what makes YouTube and other streaming services so appealing and versatile, particularly to our generations. It is unreal those that have become so popular and in turn earn a killing through YouTube’s Partner Program. It seems to vary depending on the talent and popularity of a YouTuber, and the number of ads shown, but from estimates higher talent creators make $3 to $5 per 1000 views. This certainly adds up quickly when you see the view count on some videos!
Thanks for reading and providing feedback!
Mike

Hi Michael
Thank you for writing about YouTube. As an avid watcher of content on YouTube I was intrigued at what you had to say about the website and the communities within it.
I regularly watch YouTube now. It replaces TV for me. I watch it for hours via my Smart TV (not my mobile) I never watch free to air TV and only spend about an hour max daily on Netflix or Disney +. (May the 4th be with you Star Wars marathon excluded).
I have my regular YouTubers that I watch, usually couples who have sold everything to travel the world (though that has slowed down now due to COVID-19) and I watch a fair bit of cooking videos from the likes of Bon Appetite, Matty Matheson and Sam the Cooking Guy.
My interest in YouTube grew from wanting to find a free way to watch The Walking Dead and find information on places I wanted to travel to.
I do consider myself as part of the community of each of the content creators/channels even though I don’t have a channel myself and therefore cant leave comments on videos. I share in each of the communities by liking and subscribing to channels and following on other social media platforms.
What I find fascinating is the community amongst YouTubers/Creators themselves. Creators seem to have their own community amongst other creators posting videos in the same genre. Regularly appearing in and commenting on each others videos, as you touched on in your paper.
Thanks again for writing on such an interesting topic.

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