Abstract
This paper analyses the online book community through social media platforms TikTok and Instagram including how people are brought together and what determines a sense of belonging. We will also look at the influence of the online book community on the publishing industry – how sales, book design and promotion, have been impacted. Several authors and books as well as recorded results from publishing houses are provided as examples to further support the changes seen in the publishing industry in recent years.
Introduction
Madeleine Miller’s epic Iliad love story “The Song of Achilles” had an initial print run in 2012 of 20,000 copies but then ten years later in 2022, sold 2 million copies (Harris, 2022). In 2022, six of the top ten places for the NPD BookScan bestseller list (print) were taken by Colleen Hoover with her book “It Ends With Us” selling over 1 million copies in Britain alone despite the book originally being published in 2016 (Coleman, 2022; The Economist, 2023). But why the sudden increase in sales of these two back-catalogued romance novels? The online book community have widely been attributed to this influence on sales with their activities on BookTok and Bookstagram (The Economist, 2023; Harris, 2022; Kaplan, 2022). These are just two example titles out of many that have been influenced by this online community (Coleman, 2022; Kaplan, 2022).
This paper is going to determine what is the online book community, how TikTok and Instagram are used by the book community, and the influence the book community has had on the publishing industry.
Defining community
Bruckman (2022, pp. 10-12) begins describing community as “a category of associations of groups of people” but further dissects this to suggest communities consist of members who provide connection and emotional support to each other. Berry and Linder (2022, p. 1) define community as a space where members have a “feeling of membership” and belonging whether that be physically (“in real life”) or virtually (online), while Hampton (2016, p. 107) describes community as a space where members physically venture and interact. Elaborating on this “feeling of membership” as outlined by Berry and Linder (2022, p. 1), four specific feelings are attributed to being felt for a sense of belonging within a community including; “membership, influence, fulfilment of needs and shared emotional connection” (McMillan & Chavis as cited by Berry & Linder, 2022, pp. 1-4).
On a surface level, we can examine the four aforementioned feelings of belonging against social media accounts that appear to be a part of the book community (McMillan & Chavis as cited by Berry & Linder, 2022, pp. 1-4). The Instagram account @whatsdesreading shows the bookish musings of Destiny Sidwell who describes herself as “just a girl who buys too many books… reading IS my hobby!… where i talk endlessly about books some more” (Sidwell, 2024). This bio alone gives the impression to someone viewing this profile that Sidwell likes to read and talk about books, leading to the assumption that Sidwell feels a sense of belonging and membership within a community with fellow readers and book lovers (perhaps including but not limited to Sidwell’s 116 000 Instagram followers) (McMillan & Chavis as cited by Berry & Linder, 2022, pp. 1-4). In a post from the 25th of September 2023, Sidwell shows her aesthetically tabbed copies of the “A Court of Thorns and Roses” (ACOTAR) series by Sarah J. Maas (Sidwell, 2024). Comments from viewers include “taking this as my sign to finally start reading this series” (@evelynnanth__), “I’m waiting for this YouTube video like my life depends on it” (@manuseaofbooks), and “I just finished reading ACOSF [A Court of Silver Flames] and omg i can’t wait!!! i already want to reread the series” (@ericka97), are just a small selection of excited responses to this post showing the influence and impact of Sidwell’s posts on other members of the community (McMillan & Chavis as cited by Berry & Linder, 2022, pp. 1-4). It could also be argued that these and many of the other 83 comments on this post portray a fulfilment of needs and a shared emotional connection not only for viewers of the content but for Sidwell too (McMillan & Chavis as cited by Berry & Linder, 2022, pp. 1-4). Where the shared fulfilment could be linked to reading or rereading this series and the shared emotional connection could either be to the content within the ACOTAR series or the excitement for Sidwell’s extended content on YouTube regarding this book series (McMillan & Chavis as cited by Berry & Linder, 2022, pp. 1-4).
For previous generations, if you wanted to talk to a group of fellow readers with similar reading tastes you would join a book club where participants would read and gather each month to discuss a mutually agreed upon book. That’s if you knew of any keen fellow readers, otherwise, you would join your local library’s book club where you obviously needed to like Literary Fiction because they would be the only books that would be read and discussed. The old book club created a sense of belonging if you were a particular kind of reader but what if you wanted to read romance (and not just heterosexual romance), fantasy, middlegrade or horror novels? Also, if you were under the age of twenty, reading was not considered “cool”, so you definitely weren’t talking to anyone about books. Now enter the online book community, connecting readers all around the world with varying reading tastes to find their fellow readers (Wiederhold, 2022, p. 157). The online book community spans social media platforms TikTok and Instagram (among others) with BookTok and Bookstagram being two of their respective sub-communities.
BookTok
Content shared on TikTok are typically videos varying from 15 seconds to 3 minutes with those shared as a part of the BookTok community having a focus on books and reading, while occasionally using hyperbolic titles or subject matter to catch viewers’ attention (Wiederhold, 2022, p. 157). Book reviews on BookTok differ from your stereotypical analytical book review and typically focus on the emotional havoc (or otherwise) the book or author caused (Wiederhold, 2022, p. 157). In @georgialovestoread’s TikTok captioned “Books to make you cry” upon playing asks the viewer if they “want books that will make you cry so violently that you’ll become a puddle on the floor” and proceeds to provide three emotionally charged book recommendations including One True Loves by Taylor Jenkins Reid, Archer’s Voice by Mia Sheridan, and Love and Other Words by Christina Lauren. This TikTok alone currently has 184 comments from other fellow online book community members either acknowledging they would like to add these books to their TBR (to be read) piles, others agreeing or disagreeing with the three mentioned books and others offering up their own suggestions aligning with the theme. It is interesting to note that one of the books (Archer’s Voice) appears on Dymocks’ Bestseller webpage (Dymocks, n.d.-a). It is also interesting to note that Dymocks also has a whole portion on their website dedicated to the “Biggest Books on BookTok” where viewers can find recommendations based on certain tropes (another style of book recommendation-based TikTok content) followed by genres and other categories (Dymocks, n.d.-b). Categorising books as seen on BookTok is not limited to online spaces, with bookstores having stickers labelling or even whole tables showcasing popular books on BookTok (Jessica Maddox & Gill, 2023).
Bookstagram
Bookstagram is considered to be BookTok’s more “aesthetic cousin” with content posted including book flat lays, selfies with a book/s, bookshelves (#shelfies) or book settings and landscapes Australia Business News, n.d.; Jessica Maddox & Gill, 2023). Content posted typically follows a creator’s specific aesthetic where if you visit the creator’s profile you may notice a theme in colours and style of content (Jessica Maddox & Gill, 2023; Thomas, 2021, pp. 2-3). Thomas (2021) goes as far as to comment that photos posted on Bookstagram evoke “the sensual”. An example of this aesthetically themed feed can be viewed on @laurasreadingtime where the photos featured have all been darkened and given a sepia, chocolate filter to give a “dark academia” aesthetic (Laura, 2024). Any text written directly on the post is in a font to look as though a typewriter was used, continuing the academia theme. Similar community commentary can be found in the individual Bookstagram post comments to those mentioned earlier with BookTok content – those adding to their TBR, those recommending to the creator, those commenting on their like or dislike for the shared book or book-related content and then with others commenting on the aesthetic look of the photo is also common on Bookstagram.
Effects on the publishing industry
It would be naïve to assume that this attention and hype around books would have little to no effect on the publishing industry (Wiederhold, 2022, p. 158). Book covers, for example, are an area that publishers are looking to social media for trends noting that “prettier” and more “aesthetic” covers are being shared – there is a trend on BookTok and Bookstagram showcasing beautiful books (Australia Business News, n.d.).
You can already see how this has been impacted in real life with romance books. Previously, romance books would have a cover with some stereotypical, aesthetically pleasing male dressed in very little, maybe a damsel in distress hanging from his arms, or the classic couple sitting on a faded beach shot. Today, the trend for romance novels is slightly less cringe, and instead of featuring real people are now illustrated. An example of this is Ali Hazelwood’s (2021) “The Love Hypothesis”. Love and Other Words by Christina Lauren (Christina Hobbs and Lauren Billings) (2018) was originally published with an orange cover having ripped paper backdropping the words of the title. In 2023, the book was republished featuring a bright illustrated cover that fits in better with this trend that similar romance novels have adopted.
Book ARCs (Advanced Reader Copy) is another way the publishing industry is trying to work with the hype of social media, where they send popular creators books before their official release date (Australia Business News, n.d.; Wiederhold, 2022, p. 158). Depending on their agreement, the creator can then share with their viewers the book with the hopes of contributing to the hype surrounding the release (Wiederhold, 2022, p. 158).
Sarah J. Maas (as well as the aforementioned Madeleine Miller and Colleen Hoover) is another of the many authors who have benefitted from their books being discussed on social media. Fans of Sarah J. Maas’ books are a sub-community in themselves with the #acotar hashtag relating to her “A Court of Thorns and Roses” series, having over 8.5 billion views on TikTok alone (McCluskey, 2024). Maas’ body of work reportedly had a 79% increase in sales within the first half of 2023, with some of these books being originally published as early as 2012 (McCluskey, 2024). The ACOTAR series is also being developed into a television show with Hulu (McCluskey, 2024). Bloomsbury published all three of Maas’ popular series and has noticed increased sales across the board reportedly recording a rise in profits of 220% compared to previous years (Wiederhold, 2022, p. 158). Bloomsbury Chief Executive Nigel Newton told The Guardian “Her books have a huge audience which continue to grow, backed by major Bloomsbury promotional campaigns… particularly through TikTok and Instagram channels” highlighting the value that just one publishing house places on the online book community (Simpson, 2024).
Conclusion
Berry and Linder (2022) define community to be a space where members have a feeling of belonging and consider “membership, influence, fulfilment of needs and shared emotional connection” to be four specific feelings contributing to members having a sense of belonging. This sense of belonging can be felt in a physical community or an online community such as the online book community on TikTok (BookTok) and Instagram (Bookstagram) (among others) as explored in this paper. Through examples provided we can see evidence of members feeling these four aforementioned feelings of belonging through sharing book-related content, commenting on book-related content where discussion with the creator is encouraged, and generating excitement for titles based on emotion, topics covered or aesthetics (Berry & Linder, 2022; Australia Business News, n.d.). The online book community while giving a sense of belonging to its members is also impacting and contributing to developments in the publishing industry including an increase in book sales, reinvigorating cover design and creating opportunities for creators to receive Advanced Reader Copies (Australia Business News, n.d.; Wiederhold, 2022). The book community has changed from the library book club of days past, and it will be interesting as technology and social media continue to advance how the book community will adapt in the future.
References
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