There are currently over 400 million active Facebook users and over a quarter of these are currently accessing Facebook through their mobile devices (Facebook Statistics, 2010). This paper discusses how Social Networking Sites (SNS’s), like Facebook and Myspace, are changing the way the teenagers and young adults are communicating to their real world communities, drawing attention to the increasing access of SNSs on mobile internet.
There was once a time where if I wanted to contact a friend or a member of my family, I would pick up a phone and ring them. Now, if I wanted to talk to a friend, I would instantly check whether they were on “Facebook chat” before I resort to having to call them from my mobile phone. This shows that since Social Networking sites, such as Facebook and MySpace, began that people have changed the way they communicate, especially in teenagers and young adults.
Social Networking sites are defined as web-based services which allow users to create for themselves a public/semi-public or private profile within an enclosed system. They allow the user to create a list of other users with whom they share any type of connection. They can also allow the user to view and manage their list of connections, and those of others within the system (boyd, 2007). Within the user’s profile, it normally contains some variety of information about the user. Some descriptors, for example from Facebook, are put into categories. ‘Basic Information’ for example, contains the user’s gender, location, birthday, family and network interests. There is also ‘Personal Information’, which contains the person’s interests, activities, favourites, and an ‘About Me’ section in which the user can write as much information as they want summing themselves up to name but a few. Myspace is similar, and has the same sort of information sections. These information sections provide the user with space to fill out details about their real life persona. People who are good friends with the user will normally know most of the details, but can also learn more information about their friend through these details. It can provide a start to communication as it will provide people with common interests to converse in a topic that they never would have necessarily known that the other person was interested in. These SNS’s will also normally provide some sort of privacy filter, in which the user can control who sees what information that they provide. In most profiles, the user will have an opportunity to upload a photo to represent them. Usually a recent photograph of the user is displayed. The user can also add photo albums to share with their friends and in both services, can “tag” other friends in them so that they can also be viewed from their friend’s profile. Another thing both services have is that the users have a “wall” or comment space, in which their Social Network friends can comment on. This allows communication through the service as users can converse on a particular photo without having to have it printed out like they would if they were having a face to face conversation. In addition to these SNS features, some SNS’s also provide a means of realtime instant messaging conversation. For example, on Facebook chat, you can be signed in or out of chat and can view which of your Facebook friends are online. If your friend is online, you can then choose them to have a real time chat with through the Facebook service. This allows the user to be able to have a conversation with a friend, without having to pick up a phone and have an instant response. Over 300 million chat messages are sent per day on Facebook and 67% of Facebook users have used Facebook chat at least once. (Facebook Statistics, 2010) This allows users to communicate with people on their SNS for example, with whom they have not swapped telephone numbers or are unable to call long distance etc without incurring a high cost. It also means people can have short conversations in the amount of time that it could normally take to make a phone call.
Social Networking Sites started in around 1997 with Six Degrees. It was followed in around 1999 by sites such as LiveJournal and BlackPlanet. Then in 2003 there was a boom of new sites, such as MySpace, LinkedIn, Hi5, and followed in 2004 by Facebook (Harvard only) and Flickr. This boom of new sites continued through 2005 and 2006 in which Facebook grew to include high school networks and eventually to corporate networks. Other major sites, such as YouTube, Bebo, Twitter and Windows Live Spaces also launched and became incredibly popular. (boyd, 2007) With the launch of all of these SNS’s this would have been when people were starting to have more conversations online rather than face to face. Although face to face communications still would have been occurring, people would have been able to know more information on someone if they had met them over an SNS rather than if they had met them face to face due to all the information on the person that was available online, therefore changing how the users would converse online compared to if they had met in person. As this paper is concentrating on Facebook and MySpace, it is going to look at some of the statistics on how quickly the sites grew. Facebook founders, Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz, Chris Hughes and Eduardo Saverin launched Facebook from their dorm room at Harvard in early 2004. Within a month, it had expanded from Harvard to include Stanford, Columbia and Yale. By December 2004, Facebook had reached nearly 1 million active users. In September 2005, it expanded to add high school networks and the following month it also added international school networks. So by the time it was just under 2 years old, it had more than 5.5 million active users. From here, Facebook grew and grew, having more than 12 million active users by December 2006, and up to 20 million in April 2007 then over 50 million users in October 2007. In August 2008, it reached over 100 million active users and by January 2009 it was still growing with 150 million active users. In April 2009 it had 200 million active users, July it had 250 million users, September 300 million active users and December 350 million active users, taking us to its current total of over 400 million active users in February 2010. (Facebook Statistics, 2010)
Myspace has a similar growth, about 10 months before Facebook. It launched in January 2004, and by the following month, it had 1 million members. By November 2004, it had 5 million members. It grew slightly faster than Facebook, due to it being launched at the whole world at the same time, unlike Facebook’s step from Harvard, to other Colleges, High Schools and eventually Internationally. By July 2005, MySpace had 20 million users, and this grew along with the site including MySpace Music, MySpace Film and MySpace Records. By March 2007, MySpace had hit 100 million monthly unique users worldwide. (MySpace, 2010)
With Facebook having spent nearly its first year with selected Colleges in America, this allowed MySpace to make its place in the Social Networking market, with this being shown by its growth in just 11 months. Therefore, by the time Facebook was released to Schools outside of America, most international teenagers/young adults were using MySpace to socialise online with their friends.
In 2008, eROI (an email marketing company in Oregon, US) surveyed 283 high school and college students. They found that there were varying reasons students signed up for email addresses, and one-quarter of students got an email address for social-networking purpose. 81% however, got an email address for communicating with family, and 52% for communicating with friends. During their survey, eROI also found that 83% of college students were using Facebook and 65% were using MySpace. However, overall they said that there was a very minor increase in email usage since getting an initial email address, so it appeared that students had a real need for email when they first set up their address and it was not just for the purpose of setting up a social networking profile. From this we could take that before Facebook and MySpace, students were using their emails to communicate with their family, and some with their friends. This led to the start of the change in the way people were communicating.
From their survey, eROI also found that the preferred means of communication was still text message at 37% but that social networking IM and social networking email were starting to catch up with email at 15%, and social networking IM and social networking email at 11% and 37% respectively. Teenagers and young adults are now using mobile phones as their primary means of communication, mainly with the use of text messaging and the ease of access to SNS’s with mobile internet. With social networking IM and social networking email growing in popularity as a preferred means of communication, this is one way in which the change in communication can be shown in the teenagers and young adults.
Some Social Networking companies are now editing their mobile internet sites so it is easier for users to access them from their mobile phones. Facebook is a prime example of this. Reported by the BBC News in February 2010, “the world’s biggest social network has revealed details of a stripped-down, text-only version of its mobile site called Facebook Zero.” The article then goes on to say that the new site is to “omit data intensive applications like photos”. It also mentions that Facebook already offers a slimmed down version of the its site, called Facebook Lite, which is for people who have slow/poor internet connections and that it is aimed at users in the developing world.
In February 2010, there was a survey of 500 Americans adults over 18 years old conducted by Ruder Finn, an American public relations agency, which commented on how long Americans are spending on average on the mobile Internet. From this survey, it seems the main reason Americans use their mobile Internet is to pass time. 100% of the Americans surveyed said this was the main thing they did with their internet, 85% said it was to be entertained and 72% said it was for escape. For socialising reasons, 98% use mobile internet to connect, 88% said to share, 96% to discuss and 81% said to be a part of a community. Within the 98% of those users who use the mobile internet to connect, 55% used it to send an instant message to family or friends, 60% used it to connect to family/friends, 62% used it to send/receive instant messages and 34% used it to chat using a social networking site.
This shows that the 60% of people who were using the mobile internet to connect to family and friends have changed the way they communicate with these people, especially along with the 34% who use is specifically to chat using a SNS. This shows that currently people have changed the way they communicate. People are still conversing face to face, but there is still this rise in the change of communication methods.
Skype conducted a survey in 2008 in which it is seen that email is now the “new snail mail”. In this survey that was conducted by Harris Interactive, Skype surveyed 3,091 American online adults which confirmed that many people, especially the young adults are opting to use other forms of communication including instant messaging, social networks and audio and visual calling using programs like Skype. 59% of the people surveyed said that they prefer the newer communication options to email due to the immediacy of the new options. This may be due to the 52% of people that said there was more interchange as it is like having a live conversation because you can communicate spontaneously. 42% of people surveyed said that they find alternative methods more convenient to communicate with people as they can also see if they person is free before they call or send a message. Although I have focused my paper on teenagers/young adults, 13% of the online adults said they have replaced all or some of their business email communications since they started using social networking sites etc. (Skype, 2008) It is likely that this will continue to grow in business. Some companies already have Skype access, through using Skype Business, such as Maxim Integrated Products. (Skype, 2010)
Skype is already having a break through with Social Networking, so not only can you use your mobile phone to Skype friends and access Facebook, but with a new Facebook application, you can now see which of your Facebook friend are using Skype. You can then add them to Skype, and with a browser add-on, you can also see which of your Facebook friends that you have on Skype are online via a small Skype symbol next to their name in the news feeds. From this information you could go on to look at what will come next with SNS’s and audio and visual calling merging. It could become likely that SNS’s will join programs like Skype to ensure that people do not lose their original face to face conversations so that all communication will not become text-based.
In conclusion, people used to communicate face to face, and if not, by letter or telephone. With technological advances, people then used email to communicate but were also still communicating face to face or by telephone or letter. With even more technological advances and the growth of Social Networking sites, people are communicating more by Internet using these sites, and also via their mobile phones, which also have Internet access. With people now being able to do banking online, it could be said that letters will cease to exists, and then the same with text messaging, now that Instant Messaging is available on mobile telephones. Teenagers and young adults in recent years are normally constantly attached to their mobile phones and the internet. Maybe there should be some way of bringing back face to face communication through Social Networking sites, would this help to eliminate the isolation of people heading straight towards Social Networking to converse? Maybe this is just yet another thing that only time will tell.
References
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