Data collected by The Nielsen Company found that in December 2009, global consumers spent more than five and half hours on social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter (Nielsen, 2010). This is an increase of 82%, from the same time in 2008 (Nielsen, 2010). With this increase of consumer use of social networking sites, business has seen this as an opportunity to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube for their needs. Some of these opportunities include “sales, marketing, recruitment, research, and technical support” (Wilson, 2009). This paper will look at how social networking sites are used by business.

Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube are examples of social networking sites that are used by business. These sites allow users to create profiles and add people as friends. It brings people with similar interests together (Weber, 2009) and allows them to create connections to build a social network. “A social network consists of all the people – friends, family and others – with whom one shares a social relationship” (Golder et al., 2007). On a greater scale, social networks display how large groups of people are connected to one another (Golder et al., 2007).

What makes these sites appealing to business is that they are “inexpensive, easy” (Jacobs, 2009) and offer “real-time communication” (Jacobs, 2009). A business can use one or a number of these sites based on what the companies individual needs are (Gold, 2010). Each site caters for different needs. There are no set rules or structured plan to follow when choosing which social networking site should or shouldn’t be used by a business.

To gain a better understanding of social networking site discussed in this paper, a short explanation follows about each site.

Facebook is a social networking site that has over 400 million active users (Facebook, 2010). It allows users to connect with friends and family, share status updates, a place for discussions and allows the users to post pictures. Facebook currently has over 1.5 million local businesses that have active pages. The average Facebook user has 130 friends and is a member of, on average 13 groups (Facebook, 2010).

Twitter is a social networking and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read messages known as tweets. Tweets are text based posts with a limit of 140 characters and are read by the author’s subscribers also known as followers (“Twitter”, 2010). These tweets can be about what someone is doing at that point in time, for example “Just left the gym”, or can include “links to websites” (Gorham, 2009). In the first quarter of 2010, four billion tweets had been posted on Twitter (Chainey, 2010).

LinkedIn is a “professional networking” (Bretz, 2010) website that allows registered members to create profiles which are displayed similar to a resume. With over 65 million members (LinkedIn, 2008) this site allows people to find and connect with other registered members forming professional networks.

YouTube is a website which allows users to upload and share original videos. “Every minute, 24 hours of video is uploaded” to the website (YouTube, n.d.-b). YouTube is the “leader in online video” (YouTube, n.d.-a), creating a network of people who can watch, share and comment on videos.

We begin to look at examples of ways social networking sites are used by business. The following businesses show a range of ways that these sites can be used for their needs.

Gyms are using Facebook pages to promote events, build a community, drive web traffic and generate leads of new members. Barry Klein, owner of Elevations Health Club, looks at Facebook as the same as going to a cocktail party. You meet potential customers and get to know them, over time building some level of trust. By doing this you form relationships with your customers, they then trust the business and what it is selling.

Instead of sending out expensive printed advertisements, Klein prefers using Facebook, a free service to promote his business to new clients and existing clients. He believes his leads of new business are up five times over that of last year, due to his Facebook page. He says companies are making a mistake if they don’t see Facebook as a way of networking with members (Bloyd, 2010).

Another example of a business using social networking sites is Lenovo. Lenovo’s web-marketing vice president uses “Twitter to monitor tweets about our brand-looking for people having a tough time with our products. I also see a lot of opportunity to sell through Twitter, and I expect we’ll open a ‘deal’ channel there soon” (Weber, 2009).  By making connections with their customers, business can solve problems and find out what customers thoughts are of the company. They can turn an issue that a customer has about the business into a positive, by listening to the customer and trying to solve it.

UBank Australia’s newest online bank uses a combination of social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube (Boyd, 2010). Facebook promotes who the company is by publishing news update, allowing people to participate in polls and contribute to saving tips (UBank, 2010-a). Twitter is used for customer service needs by answering customer questions, tweeting the latest news and sharing links of interest such as rate increases (UBank, 2010-b).

UBank uses YouTube to communicate with it customers by uploading videos explaining what UBank is, how its accounts work, and explaining topics such as ‘How to pay less tax’ and ‘Investing in property vs Stock’ through its video series MoneyBox (UBank, 2009). The MoneyBox Video series encourages people to return to its site, as it is regularly updated with new videos giving finance tips that customers may find helpful.

Recruitment companies such as executive search firm BINC also use social networking sites. Tawny Labrum office manager uses Facebook and Twitter to assist with recruitment and research for its company blog. On Facebook, Labrum has created a company profile which she mainly uses for recruitment purposes. She searches Facebook for possible candidates for current positions she needs to fill.  She also uses Twitter to “get ideas for blog posts and find out what’s hot in the marketplace” (Hawkins, 2009). By using Twitter as a research tool, she is able to regularly update the BINC’s company blog keeping subscribers informed with the latest news on employment and what is happening in the market. Labrum makes use of these sites to find possible candidates for employment and to “let people know that we’re experts in our field” (Hawkins, 2009).

Scott Parker owner of landscaping business Parker Homescape’s uses Facebook to market the business and create an online presence. Parker has created a Facebook page for his landscaping business where members of his group can view photos of work his company has completed and read about awards they have recently received. Parker says, “It allows you to have a forum where you gather all your friends, and you can let all your friends know what you do for a living” (Jacobs, 2009). By Parker informing his friends of his business through Facebook, Parker believes that Facebook’s “friendly nature of social networking” (Jacobs, 2009) is similar to word-of-mouth advertising.

While landscaping companies use Facebook to market their business, airlines such as Southwest Airlines use Twitter to tweet airline specials and links to media relating to the company. For example tweets were made with a link to an interview with the companies CEO Gary Kelly, where he discusses with CNN the issues of aircraft safety (Stewart, 2008).

Clarke Mulder Purdie a corporate and B2B communication consultancy advises and sets up social networking tools for businesses. Graham Hayday head of CMP believes that social networks provide opportunities for its clients to market their business. One of its clients organises events for IT professionals and for an upcoming event CMP created Facebook groups and a Twitter account (Hemsley, 2008). Facebook groups were used mainly to inform delegates and potential delegates of news about the event and exhibitors also used it to arrange meetings with delegates for the day of the event. Twitter was used during the event to keep people updated about products and services that they may have seen at the show. This allowed people to view their tweeter feed at a later date and follow up on products that interested them.

Cerini and Associates an accounting firm in New York makes use of a number of social networking sites for its needs. The business opened a LinkedIn and Twitter account and created a Facebook group and fan page. The business has found that Twitter has brought double the amount of traffic to their company website. Twitter is also used for recruitment purposes, where people are making contact with the company to enquire about any available positions. Twitter has allowed professionals to get in contact with the business asking to “collaborate on seminars” (Gold, 2010).

Product manager Jason Williams from WhatsUpGold a network management tool, uses Twitter to connect with potential and existing customers. Williams uses Twitter to set up searches using keywords relating to network management tools and monitors them through an RSS feed. If any relevant tweets match his keywords, Williams will reply to the tweet making contact and start a conversation with the person. These tweets bring opportunities that allow William to connect with existing customers and possibly create new ones. From some of the connections Williams has made through Twitter, he has been able to contact them asking to trial the company’s software (Meserve, 2009) prior to its official release. This has allowed testing and possible modifications to be made to the software prior to its release.

H&R Block tax accountants, use Twitter as a customer service tool to answer questions about peoples tax issues. They also use the site to listen to customer’s complaints due to bad service, which they may have received when using the business (Stewart, 2008).

Jim Webb of Webb Design food service design consultants, creates individual LinkedIn accounts for each staff member. These accounts are used for networking and making contacts with people on LinkedIn in “foodservice-oriented group chat rooms” (Levin, 2010). This networking may lead to sales or making professional connections. Twitter and Facebook is used by Webb Design to inform their followers of “emerging trends and cool designs they’ve spotted, and to share other discoveries” (Levin, 2010). This brings attention to the company’s web page and creates ‘fun’ conversations with their followers, which helps solidify the relationships. They also use the social networking sites to upload photos to create interest from followers, for example a “neat chair” (Levin, 2010). They ask their followers to view the photo, from this creating ‘fun’ conversations where they can gain valuable feedback. Webb makes his followers more aware of his business through these social networking sites, which has helped build the Webb Design brand and create connections with followers through conversation.

Bargreen-Ellingson a Foodservice Supply and Design business uses social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter for marketing and bringing traffic to their business website. Facebook is used instead of email to keep followers informed on the latest news, information and events. Facebook has an “e-vite feature” (Levin, 2010), which allows the business to advertise events and details, show interactive maps and display RSVP’s.

Director of marketing Irey Welborn tweets or posts updates on what their “Corporate Chef Bob Mauer is working on in the kitchen or on the road through the ‘Chef Bob’s Road Show’ series of posts” (Levin, 2010). These posts are informative to customers and also Mauer’s fans who are culinary students. Through Facebook and Twitter, he has formed strong connections with these students. While the company does not have a LinkedIn account, some of the staff have created personal accounts for networking purposes and have joined industry related groups where they can chat to others in their field of work.

Foodservice Equipment company Loubat, have created a Facebook page that allows customers to communicate with employees. The page allows Loubat to post photos of products or business events, inform followers of new products and events, write about industry news, store hours and directions (Levin, 2010). Sales have come about from the Facebook page where clients have sent inquiries about products, then employees at Loubat have linked them back to the company website where they have ordered the products.

Status updates on their Twitter and Facebook pages inform followers of product launches, sales, specials and other important information on their website. Posts have links that navigate followers back to the company website and promote the company e-newsletter.

Restaurant chain Firehouse Subs use Facebook to communicate with its customers. Facebook has been used to collect feedback about new items the business was considering to add to the menu. In one instance, within 2 hours of posting the question on whether to add a new menu item or not, over 100 comments were made by its Facebook fans (Levin, 2010). Feedback received was both negative and positive.

Previously only press releases were used to announce the opening of new stores (Levin, 2010), now Firehouse Subs uses its Facebook page as well as press releases to make major announcements.

The company also has a Twitter page where new information is tweeted a number of times a day. These tweets can be about marketing promotions such as “scratch-off games in stores, and when new stores open” (Levin, 2010). Firehouse Subs also asked Shaquille O’Neal to be a celebrity tweeter for the chain, after finding out that he “tweeted about how he loved Firehouse Subs’ sandwiches” (Levin, 2010). This creates brand awareness through the company Twitter page as well as adds the celebrity endorsement through Shaquille O’Neal’s tweets.

The Red Cross uses Twitter to provide company information to people and for marketing purposes. During disasters such as tornadoes, the American Red Cross would tweet locations of emergency shelters and link to photos in Flickr that showed images of the damage the tornado had caused (Stewart, 2008).

The Red Cross also uses Twitter to advertise fund-raisers and make public announcements on what to do during disasters such as floods. It also tweeted a link to a Google map showing areas where volunteers were needed (Stewart, 2008).

To conclude, this paper looks at how social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube are used by business. With global consumers spending more time on these sites, business see this as an opportunity to use these sites for customer service, sales, marketing, networking, recruitment and research. This paper looks at different businesses and explains how they use these social networking sites, showing that one business may just use one site while others use a combination to cater for their business needs. In the end it depends on what works for the business.

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